Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Increasing Access to the Psychological therapies
A Collection of Articles and Documents
| IAPT/CBT CONTENTS |
| IABT/CBT Debate |
| IAPT/CBT articles and documents |
| Editorial |
| Guest Editorial |
November 2007
Correspondence between Dr David Veale, President of BABCP
and Professor Andrew Samuels, UKCP
|
Author |
Title |
Description |
|
Abbass, Allan |
Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy in a private Psychiatric Office: Clinical and Cost Effectiveness |
'...ISTDP
appears to be an effective and cost-effective form of intervention when provided
by a psychiatrist in a private office. Randomized controlled studies are
warranted to further examine the cost benefits and efficacy of ISTDP...' |
|
Abbass, Allan et al
|
Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapies for common mental disorders (Review)
|
'...Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapies have been subjected to randomised controlled trials for a range of common mental disorders, including anxiety disorders, depression, stress-related physical conditions, certain behaviour disorders and interpersonal or personality problems mixed with symptom disorders. Previous meta-analyses have yielded conflicting results...' |
|
Abbass, Allan, 2003 |
The cost effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy |
'...This
review examines whether or not short-term dynamic psychotherapy is a
cost-effective treatment...' |
|
American Psychological Association |
Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice (in psychology)
|
'...The
use and misuse of evidence-based principles in the practice of health care
has affected the dissemination of health care funds, but not always to the
benefit of the patient. Therefore, psychologists, whose training is grounded
in empirical methods, have an important role to play in the continuing
development of evidence-based practice and its focus on improving patient
care...' |
|
Besser, Avi et al |
Systematic Empirical Investigation of Vulnerability to Postpartum Depression from a Psychodynamic Perspective: Commentary on Issues Raised by Blum (2007)
|
'...In a recent paper, Lawrence Blum (2007) identified emotional conflicts in three areas typical in postpartum depression: (a) dependency, (b) aggression, and (c) motherhood. In this commentary, we consider agreements and disagreements with Blum's views on the psychodynamics of postpartum depression. In contrast to Blum's assertion, a theoretically derived extensive empirical psychoanalytic data base exists which confirms and extends Blum's analysis of the core dynamics involved in this disorder...' |
|
Blatt, Sidney J. Et al |
Empirical evaluation of the assumptions in identifying evidence based treatments in mental health
|
'...Extensive
analyses of data from the remarkably comprehensive data set established by
the Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program (TDCRP), initiated
and conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), enabled us
to examine the contributions of three dimensions of the treatment process
(type of treatment, aspects of the therapeutic relationship, and patients'
pretreatment personality characteristics) to three assessments of therapeutic
change (symptom reduction, reduction of vulnerability, and development of
adaptive capacities) evaluated at termination and extended follow-up...' |
|
Blatt, Sidney J. |
Evaluating Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Mutative Factors in Psychodynamic Psychotherapies
|
'...This paper demonstrates that therapeutic process variables
contribute to outcome more significantly than the type of treatment per se.
The authors also show that a psychodynamic framework defines and informs
clinical work with these formative therapeutic processes, further documenting
the importance of the therapeutic relationship and patient personality
factors...' |
|
Clark, Andrew F. et al 2005 |
Children with Complex Mental Health Problems: Needs, Costs and Predictors over One Year |
'...A one-year prospective study of psychiatric diagnosis, psychosocial functioning, need status and service receipt in 60 children identified as most concerning. Results: Thirty-two (53%) had two or more disorders. The mean number of needs per child was five. One year later mean needs were unchanged but with considerable individual variation...' |
|
Clarkin, John F. |
Evaluating three treatments for borderline personality disorder: A multiwave study
|
'...We examined three year long outpatient treatments
for borderline personality disorder (BPD): dialectical behavior therapy
(DBT), transference focused psychotherapy (TFP), and a dynamic supportive
treatment (SPT). [...] Ninety patients diagnosed with BPD were randomized to
TFP, DBT, or SPT, and, in addition, received medication when indicated. Blind
raters assessed 6 domains, including suicidal behavior, aggression,
impulsivity, anxiety, depression, and social adjustment in a multiwave
design, prior to treatment and at four month intervals during a one-year
period...' |
|
Cooper, Mick 2008 |
Research findings in Counselling and Psychotherapy: An Essential Guide
|
'...For practitioners of a non-CBT disposition,
summaries of empirically validated therapies can make for fairly disturbing
reading: 'Surely,' you might ask, 'person-centred therapy can help people
with anxiety or eating disorders or anger;' and 'What about gestalt therapy
or transactional analysis or Jungian analysis or hypnotherapy or
psychosynthesis - why aren't any of these approaches included on the list of
ESTs?...' |
|
Crump,
Professor Bernard Chief Executive, |
The 'Better Metrics' Project |
'...There
had been a general concern that clinicians practising in the NHS, and
practitioners in other agencies working closely with the NHS, had not always
been engaged by the targets and other indicators used to performance manage
and assess performance in the NHS. ...' |
|
Dahlbender, Reiner, W. |
Psychic Structure and Mental Functioning: Current Research on the Reliable Measurement and Clinical Validity of Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD) System * |
'...The "psychic structure" axis of the OPD is one of four axes of a diagnostic system that defines clinically relevant psychodynamic constructs as much as possible close to observation and independent of any particular meta-psychological school in order to complement purely phenomenological diagnostics and descriptive systems like ICD or DSM. The axis, which has been in use under clinical everyday conditions in different settings as well as in research projects for more than 10 years, provides precise guidelines for the assessment of a patient's level of mental functioning and personal integration on the basis of his mental capacities and vulnerabilities...' open |
|
De Maat, Saskia et al |
Short Psychodynamic Supportive Psychotherapy, Antidepressants, and Their Combination in the Treatment of Major Depression: a Mega-analysis Based on Three Randomized Clinical Trials |
'...The
efficacy of Short Psychodynamic Supportive Psychotherapy (SPSP) has not yet
been compared with pharmacotherapy. A mega-analysis based on three original
Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) was performed. Patients with (mild to
moderate) major depressive disorder were randomized in (24 weeks) SPSP
(n597), pharmacotherapy (n545), or their combination (n5171). Efficacy was
assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Clinical Global
Impression of Severity and of Improvement (CGI-S), the Symptom Checklist
(SCL; depression subscale) and the Quality of Life Depression Scale (QLDS).
Pearson v2 calculations were used to compare success rates...' |
|
Dekker, Jacques
|
Short-term Psychoanalytic Supportive Psychotherapy for depressed patients
|
'...Short-term Psychoanalytic Supportive Psychotherapy
(SPSP) is a face-to-face, individual psychotherapy, consisting of sixteen
sessions in six months (first eight weekly, then eight fortnightly sessions).
It is rooted in psychoanalytic theory. Its primary aim is to cure depression.
To reduce patient's vulnerability to depression is a secondary goal. The
emphasis is on supportive techniques that counter regression and foster
psychological growth...' |
|
Department of Health |
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and the Effective Treatment of Depression: Report for the Department of Health in support of the submission to the Comprehensive Spending Review
|
'...Despite
the evidence for non-pharmacological interventions in mild depression
including guided self-help, computerised cognitive behavioural therapy,
exercise and brief psychological interventions, such as problem-solving
therapy, access to such treatments remains limited (Lovell & Richards,
2000) and is matter of considerable concern. Of even greater concern is the
limited access to effective treatments for people with moderate and severe
depression as the burden of disease is much greater for depression of this
severity...' |
|
Department of Health |
Effective Psychological Treatments for Anxiety Disorders: A Report for the Department of Health in support of the submission to the Comprehensive Spending Review
|
'...This paper provides a brief overview of evidence based psychological treatments for anxiety disorders. It addresses the following questions: How common are anxiety disorders? What psychological treatments have empirical support? What recovery rates can be achieved with these treatments? How enduring are their effects? Is there value in combining psychological treatments with medication? Psychological treatments can be delivered in a variety
of formats. This paper restricts itself to the traditional, and most
extensively researched, format of face-to-face contact with a fully qualified
therapist...' |
|
Department of Health:
|
Improving access to psychological therapies (IAPT) programme Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (cCBT) implementation guidance March 2007 |
Detailed implementation guidelines |
|
Duncan, Barry |
Evidence Based Practice (EBP): Talking Points
|
'...The intent here is not to demonize EBP-any approach can be just the ticket for a particular client-but rather expose its limitations because it is often wielded as a mandate for competent and ethical practice. Such edicts are gross misrepresentations of the data and blatant misuses of the evidence...' open |
Durham, Rob
|
Long-term outcome of cognitive
behaviour therapy (CBT) clinical trials in central
|
'...For the anxiety disorders treatment with CBT was
associated with a better long-term outcome than non-CBT in terms of overall
symptom severity but not in regard to diagnostic status. The positive effects
of CBT found in the original trials were eroded over longer time periods and
there is no evidence of intensity of therapy being related to long-term
outcome. Long-term outcome was found to be related to the complexity and
severity of presenting problems at the time of referral, to completion of
treatment irrespective of modality and to the amount of interim treatment
during the follow-up period...' |
|
Fonagy, Peter
|
Evidence-Based Psychodynamic Psychotherapies
|
'...The key questions that should be asked of this
literature given the current state of research in this area (also see Westen,
Morrison, & Thompson-Brenner, 2004) are: (1) are there any disorders for
which short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) can be considered
evidence-based; (2) are there any disorders for which STPP is uniquely
effective as either the only evidence based treatment or as a treatment that
is more effective than alternatives, (3) is there any evidence base for
long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) either in terms of achieving
effects not normally associated with short-term treatment, or addressing
problems which have not been addressed by STPP?...' |
Ford, Dominic2005
|
Measuring quality in mental health services in the United States |
'...The Institute of Medicine defined quality as
"the degree to which health services for individuals and populations
increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with
current professional knowledge." This classical definition of quality is
problematic for mental health, where housing, employment, psychosocial
rehabilitation and peer support, for example, are an essential part of the
spectrum of care...' |
|
Fournier, Jay C.
|
Cognitive Therapy vs. Antidepressant Medications in the Treatment of Depressed Patients with and without Personality Disorder 9
|
'...Conflicting
evidence exists regarding the effect of comorbid personality pathology in the
treatment of depression. Objective: To analyze attrition, response to
treatment, and relapse in patients with and without personality disorder in
data from a randomized controlled trial of cognitivetherapy versus
antidepressant medication...' |
|
Furukawa, Toshi A et al |
Psychotherapy plus anti-depressant for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: a systematic review |
'...Objectives:
To review evidence concerning short- and long-term merits and demerits of
combined psychotherapy plus antidepressant treatment for panic disorder with
or without agoraphobia in comparison with either therapy alone...' |
|
Goodman, Robert
|
The Youthinmind algorithm for calculating added value: a novel approach to assessing CAMHS effectiveness
|
'...the youthinmind algorithm for calculating added
value was developed to use information from national rather than local
epidemiological surveys. Several British surveys have shown what
happens when children with mental health problems do not receive any help
over the course of the next few months or years: typically they improve to
some extent, with the magnitude of this 'spontaneous' improvement depending
mainly on the initial level and type of the mental health problems, but
perhaps also influenced by 'complexity factors' such as family type and
physical health...' |
|
Herzig, Abby et al |
Overview of Empirical Support for the DSM Symptom-Based Approach to Diagnostic Classification
|
'...The current diagnostic system has great limitations,
however, particularly with respect to its ability to translate from research
to clinical practice and to help clinicians in their work. Over the past 30
years, the mainstream psychiatric approach to diagnosis of mental health
disorders has focused on surface symptom patterns in the hopes of achieving
enhanced reliability and validity for diagnostic categories. Nonetheless,
many argue that in the effort to devise a more objective, reliable, and
operationalizable system, the validity of the diagnostic criteria has been
questionable..'. |
|
HILSENROTH, MARK J. 2007 |
A programmatic study of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: Assessment, process, outcome, and training
|
'...A hybrid model of psychotherapy research is outlined that integrates efficacy and effectiveness methodology to examine interrelated issues regarding (a) psychological assessment, (b) psychotherapy process, (c) treatment outcome, and (d) training of graduate clinicians.
The integration of applied clinical research initiatives into a doctoral
training program, clinical implications, and directions for future research
are also presented...' |
|
Holmes, Jeremy |
All you need is cognitive behaviour therapy? |
'...Psychological therapies increasingly form an
integral part of government planning for mental health care, and cognitive
behaviour therapy tends to be seen as the first line treatment for many
psychiatric disorders |
|
House, Richard |
BOOK REVIEW Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology |
'...the cognitive-behavioural bias in much of the book
confirms that it is broadly informed by a modernist ideology which, far from
being an 'objective' and validly scientific approach to emotional and mental
distress, is located within an historically specific, materialistic paradigm
which has come under severe epistemological challenge on a whole range of
fronts (e.g. Woolfolk and Richardson, 1984; Polkinghorne, 1990), with its
assumption that only the immediately observable and measurable are deemed to
count as valid scientific knowledge...' |
|
In-Albon, Tina et al
|
Psychotherapy of Childhood Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
|
'...The
present study compared the efficacy of psychotherapy for childhood anxiety
disorders (excluding trials solely treating post-traumatic stress disorder or
obsessive-compulsive disorder)...' |
|
Jenicek, 2006 |
Evidence-based medicine: Fifteen years later. Golem the good, the bad, and the ugly in need of a review?
|
'...Despite
its well-deserved strengths, Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)'s shell still
remains half-full. Its strong points are clouded in persisting philosophical
gaps and mostly ideological advancements of its concepts and rules. Further
clarification of its logic and critical use of evidence is required...' |
|
Kennedy, Eilis NHS |
Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy: A Systematic Review of Psychoanalytic Approaches |
'... Given
the increasing emphasis on evidence based commissioning of services, it is
important that all the evidence for the effectiveness of psychoanalytic child
psychotherapy, according to accepted criteria, is being made available for
scrutiny...' |
|
King, Michael |
Randomised controlled trial of non-directive counselling, cognitive-behaviour therapy, and usual general practitioner care for patients with depression. I: Clinical effectiveness |
'...Objective: To compare the clinical effectiveness of
general practitioner care and two general practice based
psychological therapies for depressed patients. |
|
Knekt, Paul
|
Randomized trial on the effectiveness of long and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy on psychiatric symptoms during a 3-year follow-up |
'... Insufficient evidence exists for a viable choice between long and short-term psychotherapies in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of long and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders...' |
|
Knijnik, Daniela, Z. et al
|
A Pilot Study of Clonazepam versus Psychodynamic Group Treatment plusClonazepam in the Treatment of Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder
|
'...Psychodynamic
Group Therapy (PGT) and clonazepam have proven efficacious in reducing
symptoms of generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD).Despite their
efficacy, many individuals remain symptomatic after treatment with PGT or
clonazepam as monotherapy. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy
of PGT plus clonazepam administered concurrently versus clonazepam alone for
the treatment of GSAD...' |
|
Kraft, Susanne undated |
Treatment Intensity and Regularity in Early Outpatient Psychotherapy and Its Relation to Outcome
|
'...The distribution of treatment sessions (number of interruptions, weeks without psychotherapy, and session number) during the first three months of psychodynamic psychotherapy (PD), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and psychoanalytic psychotherapy (PA) was analyzed prospectively during two-years in a sample of 256 outpatients...' |
|
Luborsky, Lester 1998 |
The Researcher's Own Therapy Allegiances: A "Wild Card" in Comparisons of Treatment Efficacy
|
'...This report examines a possible distortion in the
results of comparative treatment studies due to the association of the
researcher's treatment allegiances with outcomes of those treatments. In
eight past reviews a trend appeared for significant associations between the
researcher's allegiance and outcomes of treatments compared. In a new review
of 29 studies of treatment comparisons, a similar trend appeared. Allegiance
ratings were based not only on the usual reprint method, but also on two new
methods: ratings by colleagues who knew the researcher well, and self-ratings
by the researchers themselves...' |
|
Maina, Giuseppe et al
|
Combined Brief Dynamic Therapy and Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study
|
'...The relative efficacy of supplemental psychotherapy in the treatment of depression is still a matter of debate. Moreover, the superiority of brief dynamic therapy (BDT) over supportive psychotherapies is not well established. The aim
of this study is to compare the efficacy of BDT added to medication with that
of brief supportive psychotherapy (BSP) added to medication in the treatment
of major depressive disorder...' |
|
March, John S. |
The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS): Short-Term Effectiveness and Safety Outcomes
|
'... The empirical literature
concerning
the initial treatment of Major
Depressive Disorder (MDD) in adolescents supports the efficacy
of cognitive-behavior therapy and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor,
fluoxetine. However, little is known about their relative or combined
effectiveness. [...] In this study of outpatient adolescents with Major
Depressive Disorder, the combination of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavior
therapy offered the most favorable tradeoff between benefit and risk...' |
|
Milrod, Barbara |
Do Comorbid Personality Disorders Moderate Panic-Focused Psychotherapy? An Exploratory Examination of the APA Practice Guideline
|
'...The APA practice guideline for Panic Disorder (PD)
recommends psychodynamic psychotherapy for PD patients with comorbid
personality disorders. No data underlie this recommendation. This exploratory
study assessed the moderating effect of personality disorder on psychodynamic
and non-psychodynamic psychotherapy outcome...' |
|
Milrod, Barbara, M.D. et al
|
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy for Panic Disorder |
'...The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy relative to applied relaxation training, a credible psychotherapy comparison condition...' |
|
Multiple authors ???????? |
Disruptive behavior disorders were defined as oppositional defiant disorder, disruptive behavior disorder, and conduct disorder as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. |
'...A series of studies mainly concerned with treatment
of ADHD 'oppositional defiant disorder' and 'conduct disorders. The
last of which concludes that: '...The evidence suggests that family and
parenting interventions for juvenile delinquents and their families have
beneficial effects on reducing time spent in institutions and their criminal
activity. In addition to the obvious benefit to the participant and their
family, this may result in a cost saving for society...' |
|
Newnes, Craig |
The implausibility of researching and regulating psychotherapy
|
'...This paper discusses two current themes in psychotherapy
practice - research and registration - in relation to the proposals contained
in the UK Government's Depression Report. Psychotherapy is highlighted as an
essentially human endeavour than can be neither researched nor internally
regulated outside the bounds of self interest. Nor can it conceivably produce
the results that the Depression Report promises...' |
|
Novotny, Catherine, M. |
The Empirical Status of Empirically Supported Psychotherapies: Assumptions, Findings, and Reporting in Controlled Clinical Trials
|
'...This article provides a critical review of the
assumptions and findings of studies used to establish psychotherapies as
empirically supported. The attempt to identify empirically supported
therapies (ESTs) imposes particular assumptions on the use of randomized
controlled trial (RCT) methodology that appear to be valid for some disorders
and treatments (notably exposure-based treatments of specific anxiety
symptoms) but substantially violated for others. Meta-analytic studies
support a more nuanced view of treatment efficacy than implied by a
dichotomous judgment of supported versus unsupported...' |
|
Parker, Ian |
Material Interests: the Manufacture of Distress
|
'...Some psychologists believe that the consciousness we
have of our actions is no more than sea-froth, that this little bit extra that
makes us feel human is a mere 'epiphenomenon' of the real stuff which is
behaviour that can be measured and reinforced. This view of ourselves fits
quite neatly with alienated life under capitalism, where we may feel our
bodies to be lifeless machines in which we think but over which we have
little control...' |
|
Piper, William E. 2007 |
Group Composition and Group Therapy for Complicated Grief
|
'...This
prospective study investigated the impact of group composition on the outcome
of 2 forms of time-limited, short-term group therapy (interpretive,
supportive) with 110 outpatients from 18 therapy groups, who presented with
complicated grief. The composition variable was based on the patient's level
of quality of object relations. The higher the percentage of patients in a
therapy group who had a history of relatively mature relationships, the
better the outcome for all patients in the group, regardless of the form of
therapy or the individual patient's quality of object relations score...' |
|
Pope, Catherine 2003 |
Resisting evidence: the study of evidence-based medicine as a contemporary social movement |
Evidence-based
medicine (EBM) emerged relatively recently to describe the explicit process
of applying research evidence to medical practice. [...] This article shows
how a social movement perspective can be used to analyse the emergence of EBM
and shed light on power struggles between segments of the medical profession.
|
|
Raine, Rosalind, et al 2004
|
An experimental study of determinants of group judgments in clinical guideline development |
'...Clinical
guidelines for improving the quality of care are a familiar part of clinical
practice. Formal consensus methods such as the nominal group technique are
often used as part of guideline development, but little is known about
factors that affect the statements produced by nominal groups, and on their
consistency with the research evidence...' |
|
Rothwell, Peter M. |
Treating Individuals 1 External validity of randomised controlled trials: "To whom do the results of this trial apply?"
|
'...In
making treatment decisions, doctors and patients must take into account
relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews.
Relevance depends on external validity (or generalisability)- ie, whether the
results can be reasonably applied to a definable group of patients in a
particular clinical setting in routine practice. There is concern among clinicians
that external validity is often poor, particularly for some pharmaceutical
industry trials, a perception that has led to underuse of treatments that are
effective...' |
|
Shevrin, Howard |
The Contribution of Cognitive Behavioral and Neurophysiological Frames of Reference to a Psychodynamic Nosology of Mental Illness
|
'...Shevrin, an empirical psychoanalytic researcher, draws upon the range of studies in cognitive psychology and in neurophysiology, his own and that of others, to show how they complexly interdigitate with (correlate with) psychoanalytic conceptualizations to build a multisided explanatory framework of the phenomena of mental and emotional illness, in his words, to explain comprehensively their 'irrational,' 'peremptory,' and 'unbidden' aspects...' |
|
Smith, Jonathan 2007 |
From base evidence through to evidence base: a onsideration of the NICE guidelines |
'...The author begins by noting the almost complete absence of any recommendation for Psychodynamic Psychotherapy whether Brief or Long-term in any of the Mental Health Guidelines published by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence [NICE]. He questions the scientific validity of this position...' |
|
Snell, Robert |
Jacques-Alain Miller (ed), L'Anti-Livre noir de la psychanalyse. |
'... |
|
Stiles, William B. |
Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioural, Person-Centred, and Psychodynamic Therapies as Practiced in National Health Service Settings
|
'...Psychotherapy's equivalence paradox is that treatments have equivalently positive outcomes despite non-equivalent theories and techniques. We compared the effectiveness of contrasting approaches practiced in routine care. Method.
Patients (n = 1,309) who received cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT),
person-centred therapy (PCT) and psychodynamic therapy (PDT) at one of 58 NHS
primary and secondary care sites during a three-year period completed the
Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) at the
beginning and end of their treatment,..' |
|
Traynor, Michael 2000
|
Purity, conversion and the evidence based movements
|
'...This
article explores parallels between some aspects of the history of Judaeo Christianity
and recent writing promoting evidence based medicine (EBM). Taking as a
starting point Kristeva's and Douglas' investigations of Old Testament
dietary regulation, it proposes that rigorous attention to research intake
fulfils a similar symbolic function within these EBM texts as the strict
dietary laws of Leviticus. It is noted that EBM texts also feature accounts
of personal conversion central to evangelical religious discourse...' |
|
Trowel, J |
Childhood depression: a place for psychotherapy An outcome study comparing individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and family therapy. |
'... the use of Individual Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
or Family Therapy as treatments for depression in children and young adolescents.[...]
A clinical trial assessed the effectiveness of these two forms of
psychotherapy in treating moderate and severe depression in this age group.
Individual Therapy and Family Therapy. A total of 74.3% of cases were no
longer clinically depressed following Individual Therapy and 75.7% of cases
were no longer clinically depressed following Family Therapy...' |
|
Vinnars, Bo M.A. et al |
Manualized Supportive-Expressive Psychotherapy Versus Nonmanualized Community-Delivered Psychodynamic Therapy for Patients With Personality Disorders: Bridging Efficacy and Effectiveness |
'...Time-limited
manualized dynamic psychotherapy was compared with community-delivered
psychodynamic therapy for outpatients with personality disorders...' |
|
Walach, Harald et al |
The therapeutic effect of clinical trials: understanding placebo response rates in clinical trials - A secondary analysis |
'...Placebo response rates in clinical trials vary considerably and are observed frequently. For new drugs it can be difficult to prove effectiveness superior to placebo. It is unclear what contributes to improvement in the placebo groups. We wanted to clarify, what elements of clinical trials determine placebo variability. Methods:
We analysed a representative sample of 141 published long-term trials
(randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled; duration > 12 weeks) to
find out what study characteristics predict placebo response rates in various
diseases. Correlational and regression analyses with study characteristics
and placebo response rates were carried out...' |
|
Wallerstein, Robert S |
Psychoanalytic Therapy Research: Its History, Its Present Status and Its Projected Future
|
'...This essay is a historical survey of
psychoanalytic therapy research, back to its beginnings with a first
contribution in Boston close to a century ago, in 1917, through a slow and
quite simplistic early unfolding over its first half-century, and into a
recently burgeoning and increasingly sophisticated methodological and
substantive development, into two differentiated, outcome and process,
streams, related, but also distinctive, that characterizes its present
status...' |
|
Westen, Drew et al |
Personality Diagnosis with the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP): Bridging the Gulf Between Science and Practice
|
'...In recent decades, the mental health professions
have also emphasized data from the research laboratory over data from the
clinical consulting room. Personality diagnosis once depended on expert
clinical judgment and inference about subtle, textured, and nuanced
personality processes. Clinicians considered a range of data, relying not
just on what patients said, but also on how they said it, drawing complexly
determined inferences from patients' accounts of their lives and important
relationships, from their manner of interacting with the clinician, and from
their own emotional reactions to the patient...' |
|
Williams, D.D.R. et all |
The Evidence against 'the evidence': a different perspective on evidence-based medicine |
'...An
evidence-based approach to psychiatry is playing and increasingly prominent
role in treatment decision-making for individual patients and for
populations. Many doctors are now critical of the emphsis being placed on
'the evidence' and concerned that clinical practice will become more
constrained...' |
|
Wise, Edward, A. |
Methods for Analyzing Psychotherapy Outcomes: A Review of Clinical Significance, Reliable Change, and Recommendations for Future Directions |
'...The purpose of this article is to provide a brief
review of the history, development, and current status of the concepts of
clinical significance (CS) and the reliable change index (RCI). I address
issues regarding the development, criticisms, and applications of CS and RCI.
I review the use of normative data, cutoff points, formula adjustments, and
the comparative validity of various RCI methods. An examination of the
convergence of multiple domains and multiple measures demonstrates ways to
further develop the concepts of reliable change and CS...' |